Robot-yada ayaa soo gaaray beeraha California. Xagaagan, a cagaf is wada waxaa lagu arkay safaf canab ah oo ka shaqaynaya dooxada Napa. Waxaa lagu sifeeyay inuu u egyahay "Gaari golf maraq la kariyey", cagaf-cagaftu waxay ku socotaa baytari koronto ah waxaana lagu shaqayn karaa meel fog iyadoo app ah.
Koonfurta ka sii fog, Robots goosashada strawberry miro guran jiray. Ka buuxsamay taayirrada, cududaha caarada leh iyo saxaarad qabad, sameeyeheedu waxa uu ku andacoonayaa in mashiinku uu qaadan karo ku dhawaad inta miro ee bini'aadamka ah oo sax ah 95%.
Kacaanka Ag-tech ee caalamiga ah ayaa sii dardar geliyay sanadihii ugu dambeeyay iyadoo dhibaatada cimiladu ay culeys ku keentay beeralayda iyo dalagyada, iyo masiibada ayaa sii waday inay carqaladeyso shaqada ay ku tiirsan tahay warshadaha. Gudaha California, halka in badan oo ka mid ah tignoolajiyadan lagu sameeyay lana tijaabiyay, taasi waxay dhalisay su'aalo adag shaqaalaha gobolka.
Dhammaan shaqaaluhu uma arkaan otomatiga wax xun, u doodayaashu waxay yiraahdeen, sababtoo ah waxay awood u leedahay inay yareyso dhinacyada adag ee shaqada. Laakiin sidoo kale waxay ka baqayaan in degdega ah in si otomaatig ah loo sameeyo iyada oo aan la helin taladooda, iyo qaab mudnaanta u leh milkiilayaasha beeraha, horumarinta tignoolajiyada iyo maalgashadayaasha iyada oo aan la tixgelin cawaaqibka shaqaalaha.
Waa dood imanaysa iyadoo shaqaalaha beeralayda California ay mar horeba u dagaallamayeen xuquuq iyo ilaalin badan. Bishii Ogosto, United Farm Workers, oo ah ururka ugu weyn ee shaqaalaha beeraha ee Maraykanka, waxay dhamaystireen 24-maalmood, 335-mayl socod ku taga caasimadda Sacramento, oo dalbanaya gavanaha, Gavin Newsom, inuu saxiixo sharci sahlaya in la midoobo cabsi la'aan iyo cagajugleyn ka timaada loo shaqeeyayaasha. (Newsom, oo leh beer canab ah, weli ma saxiixin biilka inkastoo cadaadiska Aqalka Cad ee toddobaadkan.)
"Waa isku arin ku saabsan automation-ka warshad kasta, miyay bedeli doontaa shaqooyinka? Oo, haddii ay sidaas tahay, ma waxay ku beddelaysaa shaqooyinka mushahar sare? ayay tiri Maria Cadenas, madaxa fulinta ee Santa Cruz Community Ventures, oo ah urur siiya taageero dhaqaale iyo barnaamijyo qoysaska dakhligoodu yar yahay ee aagga Monterey Bay.
"Waxaan eegeynaa nidaamyo aan loogu talagelin in la wadaago hantida, waxaan eegeynaa nidaamyada loo qorsheeyay in ay sii wadaan soo saarista iyo dhisidda hantida mulkiilayaasha."
Waxay tusaale u soo qaadatay sida makaanijinta loo keenay goosashada yaanyada 1960-kii waxay keentay qiyaas 32,000 shaqaale beeraley ah iyaga oo shaqadoodii waayey, boqollaal beerood oo yaryarna ka saaray ganacsigii. Qoraal ku saabsan saamaynta otomaatiga ah ee habaynta yaanyada ee a 1978 maqaal Qaranka, hogaamiyaha shaqaalaha beeraha Cesar Chavez wuxuu iftiimiyay qiimaha bini'aadamka ee "teknoolajiyada cajiibka ah".
"Cilmi-baadhistu waa inay ka faa'iideysato qof walba, shaqaalaha iyo sidoo kale beeraleyda," ayuu qoray.
Isticmaalka qalalaasaha meel wax lagu iibiyo
Dooxada Silicon waxay garab fadhidaa gobolka wayn ee dooxada dhexe ee loo yaqaan baaquli rootiga Ameerika, halkaas oo an qiyaasta 25% cuntada dalka waxaa beera oo la goosta tobanaan kun oo shaqaale ah. 2020, Ag-teknoolajiyada ka bilaabma California wuxuu helay $5.6bn maalgelinta raasumaalka, in ka badan afarta gobol ee soo socda marka la isku daro, taas oo ka kooban 20% wadarta maalgelinta adduunka ee warshadaha.
Faafida 'Covid-19' waxay u soo bandhigtay fursado cusub oo loogu talagalay Silicon Valley si ay ugu dhejiso tignoolajiyadeeda, ayay tiri Emily Reisman, oo ah kaaliyaha borofisar ku takhasusay deegaanka iyo waaritaanka Jaamacadda Buffalo. Gudaha warqad 2021 ah, Reisman waxa uu baadhay sida webinars-ka iyo bandhigyada tooska ah ee 45 dhacdooyinka tegnoolajiyada Ag-tech laga bilaabo Maarso 2020 ilaa Sebtembar 2020 ay uga wada hadleen awooda aan la faa’iidaysan.
"Waxay noqon doontaa qalad muhiim ah in la galo garoon oo aan la xusin coronavirus ama masiibada caalamiga ah," mid ka mid ah maamulaha bilowga ah ee Ag-tech ayaa u sheegay saaxiibadiisa webinar ku saabsan maalgelinta bilowga inta lagu jiro aafo. Aasaasaha kale ee tignoolajiyada Ag-tech ayaa ku celceliyay dareenka, halka maamulayaasha ay sidoo kale sheegteen cabsida shaqo la'aanta inay diyaar u tahay inay dardargeliso otomaatignimada.
Reisman waxa uu ku dooday in dhibaatooyinka loo isticmaalo goob wax lagu iibinayo ay khatar ku tahay in lagu sifeeyo automation-ka in uu yahay mid waxtar leh, iyo in la qariyo saamaynta ay ku yeelanayso shaqaalaha beeralayda ah ee la barakici karo.
"Dad badan oo shaqaale beeraley ah ayaan qasab ahayn in ay u adkeystaan automationka, qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah waa ay sii weynaanayaan, qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah ayaa u arka qalabkan in ay yareyn karaan qaar ka mid ah culeyska jireed ee shaqada beeraha," ayuu yiri Reisman. "Laakiin, haddii aan u maleyno in masiibada ay tahay mid iyaga qiil u ah, waxaa jira khataro."
Reisman wuxuu sheegay in automation-ku uu sidoo kale u abuuri karo khataraha socdaalka ee shaqaalaha beeraha, kuwaas oo intooda badan ka yimid Latin America. Kooxaha beeralayda ayaa ahaa hormoodka u ah taageerayaasha Dib-u-habaynta socdaalka ee taageerta shaqaalaha martida ah iyo soogalootiga aan sharciga lahayn, ayay sharaxday, laakiin taageeradaasi way yaraan kartaa ama way baaba'aysaa maadaama otomaatiggu hoos u dhigo ku-tiirsanaanta warshadaha ee shaqaalaha ajnabiga ah.
Xisaabinta taariikhda
Qaar ayaa sheegaya in iyada oo otomaatiggu uu kor u kacayo, uma badna in shaqaalaha beeralayda gabi ahaanba la dhimo. Waxaa jira shaqooyin qaar oo laga yaabo in robots-ku aysan awoodin inay qabtaan, ayuu yiri Giev Kashkooli, agaasimaha siyaasadda iyo sharci dejinta ee United Farm Workers of America, sida in la ogaado dalagyada diyaarka u ah in laga soo saaro warshad la soo rari karo lana iibin karo. marka laga reebo dalagyada aan qaan-gaarin ama qudhuntay.
Armando Elenes, oo ah qabanqaabiyaha beeralayda iyo xoghayaha khasnajiga ee Shaqaalaha Beeraha ee United, ayaa sheegay Civil Eats ee 2020 in uu ka shakiyay in robots ay bedeli doonaan shaqaalaha beeraha, kuwaas oo uu sheegay in la qiyaasay in ka badan toban sano. Waxa uu sheegay in ururku uu xooga saarayo ilaalinta shaqaalaha, xuquuqdooda iyo balaadhinta saldhiga ururka.
Shaqaalaha beeralayda ayaa taariikh ahaan ahaa loola dhaqmo si liidata by warshadaha beeraha oo ay ku qasbanaadeen in ay abaabulaan oo ay u dagaalamaan wax kasta oo faa'iido ah oo ku saabsan xaaladahooda shaqo iyo mushaharka. Ricardo Salvador, oo ah saynis yahan sare ahna agaasimaha Barnaamijka Cuntada iyo Deegaanka ee Ururka Saynisyahanada walaacsan, ayaa ku dooday in taariikhdan loo baahan yahay in ay wax ka qabtaan kuwa u ololeeya tignoolajiyada cusub haddii ay doonayaan inay ku noolaadaan faa'iidooyinka la ballanqaaday.
"Shaqaaluhu waa [kuwa] wax ku biirinaya xariiqda hoose iyo samaynta faa'iidada suurtagalka ah ee beeralayda, beeralayda iyo warshadaha," ayuu yidhi Salvador, wuxuuna soo jeedinayaa aqoontan waa in laga faa'iidaysto shirkadaha tignoolajiyada ee raadinaya inay wax cusub abuuraan.
"La shaqeynta shaqaale beeraley ah, kuwaas oo ah dadka sida aadka ah u yaqaana habka ay hawlgaladu u shaqeeyaan, iyo ku qorista xulafada iyo ka faa'iideystayaasha horumarinta tignoolajiyada," ayuu yidhi, "dhab ahaantii waxay dardar gelin kartaa oo laga yaabaa inay xitaa hagaajiso codsigeeda. .”
Xigasho: https://www.theguardian.com/