Iyada oo dhowr dawladood oo adduunka ah ay ku raadjoogaan xaddidaadda isticmaalka bacriminta nitrogen ee beeraha, sidee beeralaydu ula qabsan lahaayeen haddii dawladda Australia ay qaadato hab la mid ah?
Qodobbo muhiim ah:
- Soosaarka iyo isticmaalka bacriminta ayaa mas'uul ka ah in ka badan kala bar gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo ee dalagga sarreenka ee qaranka
- Sii daynta Nitrous oxide waxay ka timaadaa isbedbedelka bacriminta nitrogen sida urea
- Volatilisation waa la yarayn karaa iyada oo loo marayo maaraynta, laakiin nitrogen synthetic waa adag tahay in lagu beddelo hababka dalagga
Maamulaha sare ee kooxda Birchip Cropping Group James Murray ayaa sheegay in dariiqa cad ee lagu dhimi karo qiiqa bacriminta nitrogen ay tahay in la isticmaalo wax ka yar.
"Waxaan filayaa in si dabiici ah door-to-doorku yahay in ay koraan digiraha badan wareeg ah, sababtoo ah marka aan beero digirta, uma baahnid in aad codsato nitrogen si loo daboolo wax soo saarka," ayuu yiri.
"Laakin sidaas uma fududa, sababtoo ah waxaa jira qiiqa gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo sida nitrous oxide oo xiriir la leh burburka xaabada legume."
Dalagga ballaaran, wax-soo-saarka bacriminta iyo isticmaalka ayaa lagu tiriyaa 58 boqolkiiba raadka gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo ee dalagga Australiya shantii sano ee la soo dhaafay, sida ay sheegtay Waaxda Beeraha.
Taas, 31 boqolkiiba waxay ka dhaceen beerta, qayb weyn oo ka mid ah taas oo ku timid isbeddelka bacriminta nitrogen, halkaasoo nitrous oxide lagu sii daayo jawiga.
Nitrous oxide waa gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo oo ku dhawaad 300 jeer ka awood badan kaarboon laba ogsaydh.
Marka laga reebo beerista digirta badan ee nitrogen-goynta si loo yareeyo isticmaalka bacriminta, Mr Murray waxa uu sheegay in ay jiraan alaabo la heli karo si loo yareeyo habka isbedalka, taas oo dhacda marka nitrogen lagu daro dalagga oo ay jirto roob ku filan ka dib codsiga si loo jebiyo.
"Waxaa jira dhowr badeeco oo suuqa yaal - mid waa urease inhibitor, kaas oo yareynaya khatarta isbeddelka iyadoo hoos u dhigaysa sii deynta markaad dalbato haddii aadan helin roobka dabagalka si dhakhso ah," ayuu yidhi.
Midda kale waa dahaarka polymer, kaas oo si weyn hoos ugu dhigaya sii deynta nitrogen.
Laakin caqabada iyaga ku ah ayaa ah in aanay daruuri ahayn in la isticmaalo kharash-ku-ool ah, iyada oo urease inhibitor-ku uu tafaariiqda ku siinayo ilaa $50 tonne oo ka sarreeya kharashkaaga urea, markaa waxa ay furaysaa su'aal ku saabsan sida qiimaha waxtarka leh ee beerashada nidaamka.”
Mr Murray waxa uu sheegay in beeralaydu ay isticmaaleen urease-ka-hortaga iyo in kale, ay jirto qiimo weyn oo ah in si sax ah loo helo codsiga nitrogen-ka iyo in la yareeyo isbeddelka.
"Waxaan xoogaa ka hadalnaa afarta Rs - markaa heerka saxda ah, badeecada saxda ah, isha saxda ah iyo waqtiga saxda ah, taas oo dhamaadka maalinta ay faa'iido weyn u yeelan doonto wax soo saarka, iyo haddii aan yareyno gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo. raadka isla markaa, taasi waa gunno,” ayuu yidhi.
Waddamada ay ka mid yihiin New Zealand, Canada iyo Netherlands ayaa ku raadjooga xaddidaadda codsiga bacriminta si loo yareeyo qiiqa qiiqa, taasoo Mr Murray uu sheegay inay tixgelin u tahay beeralayda halkan.
"Waxaa jira tixgelinno ku saabsan gelitaanka suuqa iyo waajibaadka mustaqbalka ee ku saabsan sida wax looga faa'iidaysto," ayuu yidhi.
"Waxaan u maleynayaa inay jirto fursad weyn oo warshadaha miraha Australiyaanka ah si ay uga hormariyaan ciyaarta alaabtan, haddii ay tahay helitaanka suuqa ama tixgelinta suurtagalka ah ee waajibaadka.
"Marka la eego hagaajinta habka aan u isticmaalno wax-soo-saarkayaga, faa'iidada ugu weyn waa in aan ka gudubno heerka hoose ee horumarinta wax soo saarka dalagga."
Maxay yihiin waxyaabaha kale ee lagu beddeli karo?
Beeralayda qaar ayaa tijaabinaya beddelka bacriminta synthetic ee hoos yimaada dalladda ballaaran ee "beeraha dib-u-cusbooneysiinta".
Waxaa ka mid ah Luke Batters, kaas oo la beera qoyskiisa meel u dhow St Arnaud ee galbeedka Victoria.
"Hawlgalkayagu inta badan waa nidaam ku salaysan synthetic iyo isticmaalkeena bacriminta synthetic iyo kiimikooyinka ayaa si aad ah u kordhay," ayuu yidhi.
"Waxaan ka shaqeynayay beeraha muddo toddoba sano ah, markii aan ku soo noqday beerta, waxaan lahaa fikrad ka duwan, markaa waxaan tijaabineynaa waxyaabo kala duwan oo ku saabsan agabyada, marka la eego sida kala duwan ee kaarboonka iyo bayoolojiga iyo kimisteriga ku saleysan nidaamka.”
Mr Batters waxa uu tijaabinayaa waxyaabo kale oo ay ka mid yihiin compost, digada, caleen badeed iyo vermicast, kuwaas oo isku jira badeecooyin, ay ka mid yihiin tuurista Gooryaanka.
"Ma ahayn ilaa aan bilaabay samaynta shaqadan tijaabada ah in aan ogaaday sida aan ugu tiirsanahay nitrogen sida wax gelinta synthetic," ayuu yidhi.
Waa maxay dhibaatooyinka?
Mr.
"Waxaan aadey turkiga qabow oo aan joojiyay isticmaalka bacrimiyeyaasha synthetic, aad bay u adag tahay, farqiga u dhexeeya bacriminta synthetic iyo ma jiro bacriminta synthetic iyo inaan ku tiirsanaado beddelkaas," ayuu yidhi.
"Waxyaabahani waxay ku shaqayn doonaan nidaam marka bayoloji kor u kacdo oo ay socoto, laakiin sababtoo ah nidaamkayaga hadda waa mid aad u yar oo bayooloji ah, dhab ahaantii ma dhicin."
Mr Batters ayaa sheegay in uusan gaarin natiijadii uu rajeynayay balse uu ku adkeysan doono.
"Haddii ay jiraan xeerar mustaqbalka ah oo ku saabsan waxa aan awoodno iyo ma sameyn karno, oo aanaan helin beddel kale, waanu ka bixi doonnaa," ayuu yidhi.