(Reuters) - Maalgashadayaashu waxay cadayan jireen garoonka Amin Jadavji si ay uga iibsadaan tikniyoolajiyadda koritaanka toosan ee 'Elevate Farms' oo ay u soo saaraan xirmo cagaaran oo caleentiisu ku jirto gudaha guriga oo leh iftiin dabiici ah.
"Waxay dhihi lahaayeen, 'kani waa wax fiican, laakiin wuxuu u eg yahay tijaabo saynis,' ayuu yiri Jadavji, oo ah madaxa shirkadda Elevate ee fadhigeedu yahay Toronto.
Hadda, beeraha gudaha waxay isu dhigayaan inay yihiin mid ka mid ah xalalka carqaladeynta aafada ee ka dhalanaysa goynta, rarka, iyo iibinta cuntada.
“Waxay naga caawisay inaan wax ka beddelno sheekada,” ayuu yiri Jadavji, oo shirkaddiisu ay ku leedahay beer toosan Ontario, ayna kuwa kale ka dhisayso New York iyo New Zealand.
Taageerayaasha, oo ay ku jiraan Waaxda Beeraha ee Mareykanka (USDA), ayaa sheegaya in beerashada magaalooyinka ay kordhiso sugnaanta cuntada xilli sicir bararku sii kordhayo iyo sahayda adduunka oo kooban. Wax soo saarka Waqooyiga Ameerika wuxuu ku urursan yahay Mexico iyo US Southwest, oo ay kujirto California, oo u nugul dabka kaymaha iyo cimilada kale ee daran.
Welwelka isbeddelka cimilada ayaa sidoo kale dardar-gelinaysa maal-gashiga, oo ay ka mid tahay shirkad weyn oo dhinaca beeraha ah oo loo yaqaan 'Bayer AG', oo loo wareejinayo beero dabaqyo ah oo dabaqyo kala duwan leh ama lagu koriyo oo cabirkiisu yahay 50 garoon kubbadeed.
Waxay awood siinayaan shirkadaha yar yar ee Waqooyiga Ameerika sida BrightFarms, AppHarvest iyo Elevate si ay u xoojiyaan wax soo saarka gudaha isla markaana ula tartamaan ciyaartoy dhisan AeroFarms iyo Plenty, oo ay taageerayaan aasaasaha Amazon.com Inc Jeff Bezos.
Laakiin dhaleeceeyayaashu waxay su'aal ka qabaan qiimaha bey'adeed ee beeraha gudaha looga baahan yahay awooddooda sare.
Beeraha toosan waxay ku koraan cagaarka caleenta ah gudaha guryaha lakab ama darbiyada caleenta gudaha bakhaarada ama weelasha maraakiibta. Waxay ku tiirsan yihiin iftiinka macmalka ah, xakamaynta heerkulka iyo nidaamyada sii kordhaya ee leh carrada ugu yar ee ku lugta leh biyaha ama ceeryaanta, halkii laga heli lahaa dhul ballaaran oo ku yaal beeraha dhaqameed.
Guryo lagu koriyo ayaa ka faa'iideysan kara falaadhaha qorraxda waxayna leeyihiin awoodo awood hoose. Si wanaagsan loogu aasaasay Aasiya iyo Yurub, aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo ayaa ku sii fidaya Waqooyiga Ameerika, iyadoo la adeegsanayo otomaatig weyn.
Maalgashiga beeraha gudaha ee adduunka ayaa dhan $ 394 milyan sanadka 2020, madaxa cilmibaarista AgFunder Louisa Burwood-Taylor ayaa tiri.
Celceliska maalgashiga sanadkii la soo dhaafay ayaa labanlaabmay cabir ahaan, maaddaama ciyaartoy waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin BrightFarms iyo Plenty ay soo kordheen raasumaal cusub, ayay tiri.
Dardargelinta weyn ee maalgelinta ayaa soo socota, ka dib markii carqaladeynta cuntada aafada ah - sida infekshannada ku dhaca shaqaalaha soogalootiga ah ee soo goosta waxsoosaarka Waqooyiga Ameerika - ay dhalisay walaac ku saabsan khalkhalgelinta sahayda, ayuu yiri Joe Crotty, oo ah agaasimaha maaliyadda shirkadaha ee bangiga maalgashiga ee KPMG, oo la taliya beeraha taagan.
"Kor u qaadista dhabta ah waa seddexda ilaa shanta sano ee soo socota," ayuu yiri Crotty.
Khudaarta lagu beero beeraha toosan ama lagu koriyo ayaa weli ah qayb yar oo ka mid ah wax soo saarka guud. Iibinta Mareykanka ee dalagyada cuntada ee lagu beeray daboolka, oo ay kujiraan yaanyada, qajaarka iyo salaarta, waxay gaarayaan 790 milyan oo ginni sanadka 2019, taasoo ka sareysa 50% sanadkii 2014, sida ay sheegtay USDA.
Wax soo saarka salaadada madaxa ee Kalifoorniya kaligeed waxay kudhowaad afar jeer ka weyneyd, oo ahayd 2.9 bilyan oo rodol.
USDA waxay raadineysaa xubno gudiga latalinta beeraha magaalooyinka cusub si loo dhiiri galiyo dhaqamada gudaha iyo kuwa kale ee soo ifbaxaya.
DHALASHADA DHALASHADA GUURSADA GUDAHA
Bayer, oo ah mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu waaweyn ee soo saara abuurka adduunka, ayaa ujeedadeedu tahay inay bixiso tikniyoolajiyadda dhirta si loo ballaariyo beeraha toosan. Bishii Ogosto, waxay la shaqeysay sanduuqa madaxbanaan ee Singapore Temasek si loo abuuro Unfold, shirkad fadhigeedu yahay California, oo leh $ 30 milyan oo lacag abuur ah.
Unfold ayaa sheegtay inay tahay shirkaddii ugu horreysay ee diiradda saarta naqshadeynta abuurka saladhka gudaha, yaanyada, basbaaska, isbinaajka iyo qajaarka, iyadoo la adeegsanayo Bayer germplasm, oo ah hiddo-wadaha dhirta, ayuu yiri Madaxa Fulinta John Purcell.
Horumarkooda waxaa ka mid noqon kara, tusaale ahaan, dhir aad u tiro badan oo is dul saaran iyo diirad saarid fara badan oo xagga tayada ah, ayuu yiri Purcell.
Furitaanku wuxuu rajaynayaa inuu sameeyo iibkiisii ugu horreeyay horraantii 2022, isagoo bartilmaameedsanaya beeraha jira, iyo bilowga Singapore iyo Boqortooyada Ingiriiska.
Guryaha lagu koriyo ayaa sidoo kale sii ballaaranaya, iyagoo jiidaya waxsoosaar ka badan beeraha berrin bannaan.
AppHarvest, oo yaanyo ku beero aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo ee 60-acre ah oo ku yaal Morehead, Kentucky, ayaa jabiyay labo kale oo gobolka ah sanadkii la soo dhaafay. Shirkaddu waxay higsaneysaa inay ku shaqeyso 12 xarumood sanadka 2025.
Guryaheeda lagu koriyo ayaa loo qoondeeyay inay gaaraan 70% dadka Mareykanka hal maalin gudaheed, taasoo ka dhigeysa inay leeyihiin marin dhinaca wax soo saarka koonfur-galbeed ah, ayuu yiri Madaxa Sare Jonathan Webb.
"Waxaan dooneynaa in aan kala soocno Kalifoorniya iyo Mexico oo aan halkaan keeno," ayuu yiri Webb.
Kobaca tirada guud ee adduunka ayaa u baahan doona koror ballaaran oo ku saabsan wax soo saarka cuntada, talo soo jeedin adag oo dibedda ah oo la siiyo masiibooyin soo noqnoqda iyo cimilo daran, ayuu yidhi.
BrightFarms oo fadhigeedu yahay New York, oo maamusha afar aqalka lagu koriyo, ayaa dhigeysa meel u dhow magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Mareykanka, ayuu yiri Madaxa Fulinta Steve Platt. Shirkadda oo macaamiisheeda ay ka mid yihiin kuwa wax iibiya ee Kroger iyo Walmart, ayaa qorsheyneysa in ay furato labadeeda beerood ee ugu waaweyn sannadkan, North Carolina iyo Massachusetts.
Platt wuxuu filayaa in toban sano gudahood, kalabar dhammaan cagaarka cagaaran ee Mareykanka ay ka imaan doonaan beeraha gudaha, in ka yar 10% hadda.
"Waa mowjad dhan oo u socota dhankaas maxaa yeelay nidaamka aan maanta haysano looma dhisin in lagu quudiyo dadka ku nool dalka oo dhan," ayuu yiri.
'WAALAN, WAXYAALO WAALAN'
Laakiin Stan Cox, oo ah aqoonyahan cilmi-baaris ku ah macaashka Machadka Dhulka, ayaa ka walaacsan beeraha taagan. Waxay ku tiirsan yihiin khidmadaha dukaanka raashinka si loo kabo qarashka korantada ee korontada iyo xakamaynta heerkulka, ayuu yidhi.
"Sababta oo dhan ee aan u leenahay beeraha waa inaan goosano ileyska qorraxda ee maalin walba dhulka ku dhacaya," ayuu yiri. "Waxaan ku heli karnaa bilaash."
Bruce Bugbee, oo ah borofisar ku takhasusay cilmiga jir dhiska dhirta deegaanka ee Jaamacadda Utah, ayaa bartay cilmiga beeraha ee NASA. Laakiin wuxuu kahelaa dhul beereed toosan oo awood-xoog leh.
"Hantida Venture waxay galaysaa dhammaan noocyada waalan, waxyaabo waalan tanina waa shay kale oo liiska ku jira."
Bugbee wuxuu ku qiyaasayaa in beeraha toosan ay isticmaalaan 10 jeer tamarta si ay u soo saaraan cunno ahaan beero bannaanka ah, xitaa ku darsashada shidaalka gawaarida wax soo saarka caadiga ah ee waddanka oo dhan laga soo bilaabo California.
AeroFarms, oo ka shaqeeya mid ka mid ah beeraha toosan ee adduunka ugu weyn, warshaddii hore ee New Jersey, ayaa leh isbarbardhiga isticmaalka tamarta iyo beeraha dibedda ma aha mid toos ah. Soo saar in maraakiibta masaafada dheer leh heerka burburka iyo in badan oo ka mid ah beeraha wax soo saarka banaanka ay isticmaalaan biyaha waraabka iyo sunta cayayaanka, ayuu yiri Madaxa Fulinta David Rosenberg.
Beeraha taagan waxay soo bandhigaan faa'iidooyinka kale ee deegaanka.
Elevate waxay isticmaashaa nidaam loop xiran si ay si toos ah u waraabiso dhirta, uguna ururiso dhirta qoyaanka sii daaya ka dibna dib ugu waraabiyo. Nidaamka noocan oo kale ah wuxuu u baahan yahay 2% biyaha loo isticmaalo hawlgalka saladh romaine oo banaanka ah, ayuu yiri Jadavji. Shirkaddu ma isticmaasho sunta cayayaanka lagu buufiyo.
"Waxaan u maleynayaa inaan xalinayno dhibaato," ayuu yiri.
(Waxaa ku warbixinaya Rod Nickel magaalada Winnipeg, Manitoba; warbixin dheeri ah oo uu soo saaray Karl Plume oo jooga Chicago; Editing by Caroline Stauffer iyo Lisa Shumaker)